Neuroanatomy quiz

A reaction to it).The spinothalamic tract is one of the ascending pathways of the spinal cord. The other important pathway is the dorsal column/medial lemniscus pathway. Learn everything about that pathway with the following video lecture and quiz. Clinical notesLesions of the spinothalamic tractWe can contrast the spinothalamic tract with the dorsal column/medial lemniscus pathway. The former crosses/decussates at the level of the spinal nerve, where as the latter crosses at the level of the medulla. If a lesion occurs in the brainstem or higher, the patient presents with loss of pain perception, crude touch and temperature sensation contralateral (other side) to the lesion. However, with spinal cord hemisections, the loss of fine touch and proprioception is ipsilateral, while that of pain perception and temperature sensation is contralateral. This specific condition is known as the Brown-Sequard syndrome.If we compare this to the dorsal column/medial lemniscus pathway (the dorsal column/medial lemniscus pathway transmits proprioceptive and vibration information) a spinal cord lesion will cause an ipsilateral (same side) loss of proprioception and vibration sense. Lesions in the medulla or above will cause contralateral loss due to the higher decussation. This pattern of sensory loss is called ‘dissociated sensory loss’.Chronic painChronic pain can be caused by a variety of factors, such as: injury to the nerve endings scar formation in the nerves aberrant reinnervation following nerve damage, causing the person to interpret touch as pain (allodynia) Inflammation cancerRepeated stimulation of the C fibres e.g. through chronic joint inflammation, will cause repeated release of glutamate. In turn, this can cause a ‘winding up’ effect and ultimately make the individual more prone to that pain.SourcesAll content published on Kenhub is reviewed by medical and anatomy experts. The information we provide is grounded on academic literature and peer-reviewed research. Kenhub does not provide medical advice. You can learn more about our content creation and review standards by reading our content quality guidelines.References: Frank H.Netter MD: Atlas of Human Anatomy, 5th Edition, Elsevier Saunders, Chapter 1 Head and Neck. Chummy S.Sinnatamby: Last’s Anatomy Regional and Applied, 12th Edition, Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. Richard L. Drake, A. Wayne Vogl, Adam. W.M. Mitchell: Gray’s Anatomy for Students, 2nd Edition, Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. Elliiot L.Manchell: Gray's Clinical Neuroanatomy: The Anatomic Basis for Clinical Neuroscience. Shawn P. Moore: The Definitive Neurological Surgery Board Review. 2005. James R. Augustine: Human Neuroanatomy. 2008.Spinothalamic tract: want to learn more about it?Our engaging videos, interactive quizzes,

Paediatric neoplasms. It is a form of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) believed to originate in the granular layer of the cortex. It is commonly implicated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) retention and subsequent raised ICP. If raised ICP is an issue, the clinician should never attempt to perform a lumbar puncture as the dramatic drop in pressure could precipitate herniation of the cerebellar tonsils. Also note that medulloblastomas are also the main cause of vermis syndrome, where there is difficulty holding the head in an erect position and maintaining balance in the trunk.Other neoplastic or ischaemic insults to the cerebellum can produce a plethora of symptoms related to cerebellar function. They can be grouped into three main categories: hypotonia (decreased resistance in muscle tone), disequilibrium (decreased balance) and dyssynergia (impaired management of motor activity).SourcesAll content published on Kenhub is reviewed by medical and anatomy experts. The information we provide is grounded on academic literature and peer-reviewed research. Kenhub does not provide medical advice. You can learn more about our content creation and review standards by reading our content quality guidelines.References: Fix, J. (2002). Neuroanatomy. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp.251-258. Khoyratty, F. and Wilson, T. (2013). The Dentato-Rubro-Olivary Tract: Clinical Dimension of This Anatomical Pathway. Case Reports in Otolaryngology, 2013, pp.1-3. Netter, F. (2014). Atlas of Human Anatomy. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders: Elsevier, p.114. Snell, R. (2010). Clinical Neuroanatomy. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp.231, 233, 235 - 245.Illustrators: Flocculonodular lobe (anterior view) - Paul KimCerebellar nuclei and tracts: want to learn more about it?Our engaging videos, interactive quizzes, in-depth articles and HD atlas are here to get you top results faster.What do you prefer to learn with?“I would honestly say that Kenhub cut my study time in half.”–Read more.Kim Bengochea, Regis University, Denver© Unless stated otherwise, all content, including illustrations are exclusive property of Kenhub GmbH, and are protected by German and international copyright laws. All rights reserved.

Promoting deep learning in immunology through an interactive clinical case problem-solving (CCPS) approach: Perception among cohort of medical students in Oman. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 11, 410–410. Google Scholar *Schrempft, S., Piumatti, G., Gerbase, M. W., & Baroffio, A. (2021). Pathways to performance in undergraduate medical students: Role of conscientiousness and the perceived educational environment. Adv in Health Sci Educ, 26, 1537–1554. Google Scholar *Shaik, S. A., Almarzuqi, A., Almogheer, R., Alharbi, O., Jalal, A., & Alorainy, M. (2017). Assessing Saudi medical students learning approach using the revised two-factor study process questionnaire. International Journal of Medical Education, 8, 292–296. Google Scholar *Shankar, P. R., Dubey, A. K., Binu, V. S., Subish, P., & Deshpande, V. Y. (2006). Learning styles of preclinical students in a medical college in western Nepal. Kathmandu University Medical Journal (KUMJ), 4(3), 390–395. Google Scholar *Smith, C. F., & Mathias, H. (2007). An investigation into medical students’ approaches to anatomy learning in a systems-based prosection course. Clinical Anatomy, 20(7), 843–848. Google Scholar *Sullivan, P. B., Gregg, N., Adams, E., Rodgers, C., & Hull, J. (2013). How much of the paediatric core curriculum do medical students remember? Advances in Health Sciences Education, 18(3), 365–373.Article Google Scholar *Svirko, E., & Mellanby, J. (2008). Attitudes to e-learning, learning style and achievement in learning neuroanatomy by medical students. Medical Teacher, 30(9–10), e219-27. Google Scholar *Svirko, E., & Mellanby, J. (2017). Teaching neuroanatomy using computer-aided learning: What makes for successful outcomes? Anatomical Sciences Education, 10(6), 560–569.Article Google Scholar Tait, H., Entwistle, N. J., & McCune, V. (1998). ASSIST: A reconceptualisation of the Approaches to Studying Inventory. Improving students as learners, 262-271.Tatari, F., Raoufian, H., Mashhadi, M., & Gazerani, A. (2021). Effect of group open-book assessment on students’ learning and satisfaction: A quasi-experimental study. Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia, 16(1–2), 87–91. Google Scholar *Urrizola, A., Santiago, R., Gea, A., Rubio, S., Vilalta-Lacarra, A., Rodriguez, J., & Arbea, L. (2023). What medical students with better academic results do: A cross-sectional analysis. BMC Medical Education, 23(1), 19–19. Google Scholar *Van Lohuizen, M. T., Kuks, J. B. M., van Hell, E. A., Raat, A. N., &

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